The sidewall is measured as percentage of the width, so a 55 series tire has a sidewall that is 55% as tall as the tire is wide. Using that you can calculate the total diameter as d=2*(sidewall)*(width)/25.4 + (rim size) since the rims are measured in inches and the tires in millimeters.
With a 7.5" rim I would not recommend anything smaller than 225 wide. As for the sizes that will fit. You basically have to decide what width you're willing to run; 225 or 235 are your options hear since 245 is probably too wide for the fender well and 215 too narrow for the rims. From there you choose the sidewall that will give the appropriate tire diameter.
With the 225 tire, the heights that gets you closest to stock are 225/40/17 (which is ~24.1" tall) and 225/45/17 (which is ~25" tall). OEM is 24.2" tall so the 225/40 is technical closer to OEM but I personally think that the 45 the preferable size. It's easier on rims, fills out the wheel well, and it's MUCH more common so probably easier and cheaper to come by. With a 235 tire the 40 series may be the better choice at 24.4" since the 45 series is bordering on too tall for the wheel-well at 25.3".